Ubomi bomfama babusoloko bubobomsebenzi onzima kunye nemingeni emininzi.Akukho sityhilelo sithi ngo-2020 kukho imiceli mngeni emininzi kunanini na ngaphambili kumafama nakwishishini lilonke.Oonobangela bazo bantsonkothile kwaye bahlukene, kwaye iinyani zenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi ziye zongeza iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo kubukho bazo.
Kodwa ayinakungahoywa into enjalo izise iinzuzo ezininzi ekulimeni.Ke nangona ishishini lijonge ishumi leminyaka elitsha elinemiqobo emikhulu yokusinda kunangaphambili, kukwakho isithembiso sobuchwephesha obuvelayo obuza kusetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi.Itekhnoloji enokunceda amafama angagcini nje ngokugcina, kodwa achume.Ilanga yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu tshintsho lutsha.
Ukususela ngo-1800 ukuya ku-2020
INguqu yezoShishino yenza ulimo lwasebenza kakuhle.Kodwa kwakhona kwazisa ukubhubha okubuhlungu kwemodeli yezoqoqosho yangaphambili.Njengoko ubuchwephesha buhambela phambili buvumela ukuvuna ukuba kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza kodwa ngeendleko zedama labasebenzi.Ukuphulukana nemisebenzi ngenxa yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwezolimo kube yinto eqhelekileyo ukusukela ngoko.Ukufika okutsha okunjalo kunye neenguqu kwimodeli ekhoyo yamafama kaninzi ayamkela kwaye ayathiye ngokulinganayo.
Kwangaxeshanye, indlela imfuno yokuthumela ngaphandle kwezolimo itshintshile nayo.Kumashumi eminyaka edluleyo amandla okuba amazwe akude arhwebe ngemveliso yezolimo—ngoxa kwakungenakwenzeka ngandlela zonke kuzo zonke iimeko—yayilithemba elinzima ngakumbi.Namhlanje (ukuvumela impembelelo ubhubhani we-coronavirus oyibeke okwethutyana kwinkqubo) ukutshintshiselana ngemveliso yezolimo kwihlabathi jikelele kwenziwa ngokulula nangesantya ebesingenakucingelwa ukuba bekusenzeka ngamaxesha adlulileyo.Kodwa nako oku ngokufuthi kuye kwabeka uxinzelelo olutsha kumafama.
Ewe, ngokungathandabuzekiyo abanye baye bangenelwa—yaye bangenelwa kakhulu kolo tshintsho—njengoko iifama ezivelisa izinto ezikumgangatho wehlabathi “ezicocekileyo neziluhlaza” ngoku zinemarike yezizwe ngezizwe ngokwenene ezinokuthunyelwa kuzo.Kodwa kwabo bathengisa izinto zesiqhelo ezithe chatha, okanye bafumanisa ukuba imakethi yamazwe ngamazwe ihluthise abaphulaphuli babo basekhaya ngeemveliso ezifanayo abazithengisayo, indlela yokugcina inzuzo ezinzileyo unyaka nonyaka iye yaba nzima kakhulu.
Ekugqibeleni, imikhwa enjalo ayizongxaki nje kubalimi, kodwa kubo bonke abanye.Ingakumbi abo baphakathi kwezizwe zabo zokuzalwa.Kuqikelelwa ukuba iminyaka ezayo iya kubona ihlabathi lingazinzanga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, hayi eyona incinci isoyikiso sokutshintsha kwemozulu.Ngokubhekiselele koku, ngokusisiseko sonke isizwe siya kujongana noxinzelelo olutsha kwiphulo laso lokhuseleko lokutya.Kulindeleke ukuba ukusinda kokufama njengomsebenzi osebenzayo kunye nomzekelo wezoqoqosho kuya kuba nokungxamiseka okukhulayo, ekhaya nakwihlabathi jikelele.Kulapha apho ilanga linokuba yinto ebaluleke kangaka ukuya phambili.
Solar njengomsindisi?
Ezolimo zelanga (AKA "agrophotovoltaics" kunye "nokusetyenziswa kabini ukulima") kuvumela amafama ukuba afakeiiphaneli zelangaezibonelela ngendlela yokwenza amandla abo asetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye aphucule ngokuthe ngqo izakhono zabo zokulima.Kubalimi abanomhlaba omncinci ngakumbi-njengokubonwa ngokuqhelekileyo eFransi-ezolimo zelanga zibonelela ngendlela yokunciphisa iindleko zamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwamafutha e-fossil, kunye nokuphefumula ubomi obutsha kwimisebenzi ekhoyo.
Enyanisweni, ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iJamaniIziko leFraunhoferekubekeni iliso kwimisebenzi yovavanyo kwingingqi yeLake Constance yesizwe, i-agrophotovoltaics yonyuse imveliso yasefama nge-160% xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi obungasetyenziswa kabini ngexesha elinye.
Njengeshishini lelanga lilonke, i-agrophotovoltaics ihlala incinci.Nangona kunjalo, ecaleni kofakelo olusele lusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela, kubekho iiprojekthi ezininzi zolingo eFransi, eItali, eCroatia, eMelika, nangaphaya.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ezinokukhula phantsi kwee-canopies zelanga (zivumela ukwahluka kwendawo, imozulu, kunye neemeko) zincomeka kakhulu.Ingqolowa, iitapile, iimbotyi, ikale, iitumato, i-swiss chard, kunye nezinye zonke zikhule ngempumelelo phantsi kofakelo lwelanga.
Izityalo azikhuli ngempumelelo kuphela phantsi kolungiselelo olunjalo kodwa ziyakwazi ukubona ixesha lokukhula kwandiswa ngenxa yeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kabini, ukubonelela ngokufudumala okongeziweyo ebusika kunye nemozulu epholileyo ehlotyeni.Uphononongo olufunyenwe kwingingqi yaseMaharashtra yaseIndiyaizivuno zezityalo ukuya kutsho kuma-40% ngaphezuluenkosi ekuncitshisweni kwe-evaporation kunye ne-shading eyongezelelweyo ukufakela kwe-agrophotovoltaics enikeziweyo.
Umhlaba wokwenene
Nangona kuninzi ekumele kuncunywe ngako xa kudityaniswa amashishini elanga kunye nezolimo kunye, kukho imicelimngeni esendleleni.NjengoGerald Leach
, USihlalo weI-Victorian Farmers FederationIKomiti Yolawulo Lomhlaba, iqela elikhuthaza izilangazelelo zamafama aseOstreliya yaxelela iSolar Magazine,“Ngokuphangaleleyo, iVFF iyaluxhasa uphuhliso lwelanga, ukuba nje abangeneleli kumhlaba wolimo okwixabiso eliphezulu, njengakwizithili zonkcenkceshelo.”
Oko ke, “i-VFF ikholelwa ekubeni ukuze kuququzelelwe inkqubo elungeleleneyo yophuhliso lokuveliswa kombane welanga kumhlaba wasefama, iiprojekthi ezinkulu ezinikezela ngombane kuthungelwano lombane kufuneka zifune inkqubo yocwangciso kunye nemvume yokuphepha iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.Siyawaxhasa amafama akwazi ukuzifakela izixhobo zesola ukuze azisebenzisele wona akwazi ukwenjenjalo ngaphandle kokufuna imvume.”
KuMnu. Leach, amandla okudibanisa ukufakwa kwelanga kunye nezolimo ezikhoyo kunye nezilwanyana nazo zinomdla.
Sijonge phambili kwinkqubela phambili kwezolimo zelanga ezivumela ii-solar arrays kunye nezolimo ukuba zibekho kunye, kunye neenzuzo ezifanayo kumashishini ezolimo kunye namandla.
“Kukho uphuhliso oluninzi lwelanga, ngakumbi olwabucala, apho iigusha zizulazula phakathi kweepaneli zelanga.Iinkomo zinkulu kakhulu kwaye zisemngciphekweni wokonakalisa iipaneli zelanga, kodwa iigusha, ukuba nje ufihla zonke iintambo ukuba zingafikeleleki, zifanelekile ukugcina ingca phakathi kweepaneli.
Ngaphezu koko, njengoko uDavid Huang, umphathi weprojekthi yomphuhlisi wamandla ahlaziyekayoAmandla aseMzantsiuxelele iSolar Magazine, “Ukuhlala kwifama yelanga kunokuba ngumngeni njengoko iziseko zombane kwiindawo zengingqi zifuna ukuphuculwa ukuze kuxhaswe utshintsho oluvuselelekayo.Ukubandakanya imisebenzi yezolimo kwifama yelanga kuzisa ubunzima kuyilo, kunye nokusebenza kunye nolawulo lweprojekthi”, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo:
Ukuqondwa ngcono kweempembelelo zeendleko kunye nenkxaso karhulumente kuphando oluhlukeneyo lubonwa luyimfuneko.
Nangona ixabiso lelanga lilonke liyancipha ngokuqinisekileyo, inyaniso kukuba ukufakwa kwezolimo zelanga kunokuhlala kuxabisa-kwaye ngakumbi ukuba zonakaliswe.Ngoxa kusenziwa ukomelezwa nokhuseleko ukuze kuthintelwe amathuba anjalo, umonakalo kwipali enye unokuba yingxaki enkulu.Ingxaki enokuba nzima kakhulu ukuyinqanda ixesha lonyaka ukuba umlimi usafuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinzima malunga nofakelo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukujika okugwenxa kwevili lokuqhuba kusenokubeka emngciphekweni ulungiselelo lonke.
Kubalimi abaninzi, isicombululo sale ngxaki ibe sesokubekwa.Ukwahlula ukufakwa kwelanga kwezinye iindawo zomsebenzi wokulima kunokubona ezinye zezona zibonelelo zibalaseleyo zolimo lwelanga oluphosiweyo, kodwa lubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo olujikeleze isakhiwo.Olu hlobo lolungiselelo lubona umhlaba ophambili ogcinelwe ukulima kuphela, kunye nomhlaba oncedisayo (wodidi lwesibini okanye wodidi lwesithathu apho umhlaba ungatyebi kangako ngezondlo) osetyenziselwa ukufakela ilanga.Ilungiselelo elinjalo lingaqinisekisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwayo nayiphi na imisebenzi ekhoyo yokufama kuyacuthwa.
Ukuziqhelanisa nobunye ubugcisa obuvelayo
Ngokuqonda ngokufanelekileyo isithembiso sesolar sokulima kwixesha elizayo, ayinakunganakwa into yokuba obunye ubuchwephesha obufika kwindawo iya kuba yimbali ephindaphindayo.Ukukhula okulindelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kweArtificial Intelligence (AI) ngaphakathi kwicandelo ngumzekelo ophambili woku.Nangona icandelo leerobhothi lingekaqhubeki ngokwaneleyo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba sibona iirobhothi ezinobunkunkqele obuphezulu zizulazula malunga neepropathi zethu zijongana nemisebenzi yezandla, ngokuqinisekileyo sitshintshela kwelo cala.
Ngaphezu koko, iZithuthi zasemoyeni ezingaphathwanga (i-AKA drones) sele zisetyenziswa kwiifama ezininzi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba umthamo wazo wokuthatha imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo kwixesha elizayo uza kunyuka kuphela.Kowona mxholo uphambili ekuhloleni ikamva leshishini lokufama, abalimi kufuneka bazame ukugqwesa ubuchwephesha obuhambela phambili ukuze bafumane inzuzo-okanye babeke umngcipheko wokufumana iingeniso zabo zilawulwa yinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji.
Uqikelelo olungaphambili
Akuyomfihlo ukuba ikamva lokufama liza kubona izoyikiso ezitsha ezisongela ukuphila kwayo.Oku akubanga ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kuphela, kodwa ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu.Kwangaxeshanye, iteknoloji ihambela phambili nangona kunjalo, ukulima kwixa elizayo kusaza kufuna—ubuncinci iminyaka emininzi ezayo ukuba akunjalo ngonaphakade—imfuno yobuchule bomntu.
I-SolarMagazine.com -Iindaba zamandla elanga, uphuhliso kunye nokuqonda.
Ukulawula ifama, ukwenza izigqibo zolawulo, kwaye ngenene nokuphosa iliso lomntu phezu kwethuba okanye ingxaki kumhlaba i-AI engekakwazi ukuyenza ngendlela efanayo.Ngaphezu koko, njengoko imingeni kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ikhula kwiminyaka ezayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nezinye izinto, ukuqondwa koorhulumente ukuba inkxaso engaphezulu kufuneka inikwe kumacandelo abo ezolimo kuya kukhula nako.
Kuyinyani, ukuba izinto zangaphambili aziyi kuzisombulula zonke iingxaki okanye zisuse zonke iingxaki, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho utshintsho olutsha kwixesha elizayo lokufama.Enye apho amandla elanga anika amandla amakhulu njengetekhnoloji enenzuzo kunye nesidingo sokhuseleko lokutya olungaphezulu luyimfuneko.Ilanga lodwa alikwazi ukugcina ishishini lokulima lanamhlanje-kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo linokuba sisixhobo esinamandla ekuncedeni ukwakha isahluko esitsha esomeleleyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-03-2021