Ukugcinwa kwamandla kwindawo yokuhlala kuye kwaba yinto ethandwa kakhulu kwi-solar yasekhaya. Auphando lwakutsha nje lweSunPowerngaphezu kwe-1,500 amakhaya afumanisa ukuba malunga ne-40% yaseMelika ixhala malunga nokuhamba kombane rhoqo. Kuphando abaphenduli beqwalasela ngokukhutheleyo ilanga kumakhaya abo, i-70% yathi baceba ukubandakanya inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri.
Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngamandla okugcina ngexesha lokucima, iibhetri ezininzi zidityaniswe netekhnoloji evumela ukucwangciswa okukrelekrele kokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwamandla. Injongo kukwandisa ixabiso lenkqubo yelanga yekhaya. Kwaye, ezinye iibhetri zilungiselelwe ukudibanisa itshaja yemoto yombane.
Ingxelo iphawule ukunyuka okuthe kratya kubathengi ababonisa umdla wogcino ukuze bazibonelele ngesizukulwana selanga, becebisa ukubaamaxabiso emitha athotyiweyoakukhuthazi ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kombane wasekhaya, ococekileyo. Phantse i-40% yabathengi bachaze ukubonelela ngokwabo njengesizathu sokufumana isicatshulwa sokugcina, ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-20% ngo-2022. Amandla okugcina ukucima kunye nokugcinwa kwemilinganiselo ye-utility kwakhona zidweliswe njengezizathu eziphezulu zokubandakanya ukugcinwa kwamandla kwi-quote.
Amazinga okuncamathelisa iibhetri kwiiprojekthi zokuhlala elanga anyuke ngokuthe chu ngo-2020 nge-8.1% yeenkqubo zokuhlala elanga ezincanyathiselwe iibhetri, ngokutsho kweLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseLawrence Berkeley, kwaye ngo-2022 loo mazinga anyuke ngaphezulu kwe-17%.
Ubomi bebhetri
Amaxesha ewaranti anokubonelela ngokujonga kwisifakeli kunye nolindelo lomenzi kubomi bebhetri. Amaxesha ewaranti aqhelekileyo ajikeleze iminyaka eyi-10. IiwarantikwiBattery ye-Enphase IQ, umzekelo, iphela kwiminyaka eyi-10 okanye imijikelo ye-7,300, nantoni na eyenzekayo kuqala.
Isifakeli seSolar Sunrunwatshoiibhetri zingahlala naphi na phakathi kweminyaka emi-5-15. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukutshintshwa okunokwenzeka kuya kufuneka ngexesha leminyaka engama-20-30 yobomi benkqubo yelanga.
Ubomi bebhetri obulindelekileyo ubukhulu becala buqhutywa yimijikelo yosetyenziso. Njengoko kubonisiwe yi-LG kunye ne-Tesla iwaranti yemveliso, i-threshold ye-60% okanye i-70% umthamo uqinisekisiwe ngenani elithile lemijikelezo yentlawulo.
Iimeko ezimbini zokusetyenziswa ziqhuba oku kuthotywa: ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kunye nentlawulo ekhohlisayo,yatsho iFaraday Institute. Intlawulo egqithisileyo sisenzo sokutyhala umsinga kwibhetri egcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukwenza oku kunokubangela ukuba ibeshushu kakhulu, okanye mhlawumbi ibambe umlilo.
Intlawulo ye-trickle ibandakanya inkqubo apho ibhetri ihlawulwe rhoqo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100%, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ilahleko yenzeke. I-bounce phakathi kwe-100% kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-100% inokunyusa ubushushu bangaphakathi, ukunciphisa umthamo kunye nobomi.
Enye into ebangela ukuthotywa kwexesha kukulahleka kwe-lithium-ion yeselula kwibhetri, utshilo uFaraday. Iimpendulo ezisecaleni kwibhetri zinokubamba i-lithium esebenzisekayo simahla, ngaloo ndlela ithoba umthamo ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ngelixa ubushushu obubandayo bunokumisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ekusebenzeni, abayithobi ibhetri okanye bufutshane ubomi bayo obusebenzayo. Ubomi bebhetri bubonke, nangona kunjalo, bunciphile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, utshilo uFaraday. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-electrolyte ehleli phakathi kwee-electrode yophuka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibhetri iphulukane nomthamo wayo wokuvala i-Li-ion. Oku kunokunciphisa inani le-Li-ion i-electrode inokwamkela kwisakhiwo sayo, inciphisa amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
Isondlo
Kunconywa yiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ukufaka ibhetri kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, ngokukhethekileyo igaraji, apho impembelelo yomlilo (incinci, kodwa i-zero isoyikiso) inokuncitshiswa. Iibhetri kunye nezixhobo ezizingqongileyo kufuneka zibe nesithuba esifanelekileyo ukuvumela ukupholisa, kwaye uqwalaselo rhoqo lolondolozo lunokuba luncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.
I-NREL yathi, xa kunokwenzeka, kunqande ukuphinda ukhuphele iibhetri ngokuphindaphindiweyo, njengoko ikhutshwa, iba mfutshane ubomi. Ukuba ibhetri yasekhaya ikhutshwe nzulu yonke imihla, isenokuba lixesha lokunyusa isayizi yebhanki yebhetri.
Iibhetri kuthotho kufuneka zigcinwe kwintlawulo efanayo, utshilo uNREL. Nangona iyonke ibhanki yebhetri inokubonisa intlawulo epheleleyo yeevolthi ezingama-24, kunokubakho amandla ombane ahlukeneyo phakathi kweebhetri, nto leyo engeloncedo kangako ekukhuseleni inkqubo yonke ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukongeza, i-NREL icebise ukuba iindawo zokuseta amandla ombane achanekileyo zisetelwe iitshaja kunye nezilawuli zentlawulo, njengoko kumiselwe ngumenzi.
Ukuhlolwa kufuneka kwenzeke rhoqo, kwakhona, utshilo i-NREL. Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzijonge ziquka ukuvuza (ukwakhiwa ngaphandle kwebhetri), amanqanaba olwelo afanelekileyo, kunye nombane olinganayo. I-NREL ithe umenzi webhetri ngamnye unokuba neengcebiso ezongezelelweyo, ngoko ukujonga ukugcinwa kunye namaphepha edatha kwibhetri yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2024