Iiphaneli zelanga zokuhlala zihlala zithengiswa ngeemali-mboleko zexesha elide okanye iirenti, kunye nabaninimzi abangena kwizivumelwano zeminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa iiphaneli zihlala ixesha elingakanani, kwaye zomelela kangakanani?
Ubomi bephaneli buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya imozulu, uhlobo lwemodyuli, kunye nenkqubo yokurhaxa esetyenziswayo, phakathi kwabanye. Ngelixa ungekho “umhla wokugqibela” wephaneli nganye, ilahleko yemveliso ngokuhamba kwexesha isoloko inyanzelisa ukurhoxa kwezixhobo.
Xa uthatha isigqibo sokuba ungayigcina iphaneli yakho iqhuba iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 kwixesha elizayo, okanye ujonge uphuculo ngelo xesha, ukubeka esweni amanqanaba eziphumo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi.
Ukuthotywa
Ilahleko yemveliso ekuhambeni kwexesha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-degradation, idla ngokufika malunga ne-0.5% ngonyaka ngamnye, ngokweNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Abavelisi ngokwesiqhelo bathathela ingqalelo iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 indawo apho ukuthotywa okwaneleyo kwenzeke apho kunokuba lixesha lokucinga ngokutshintsha indawo yolawulo. Umgangatho woshishino wokwenza iiwaranti yiminyaka engama-25 kwimodyuli yelanga, utshilo i-NREL.
Xa kujongwa umyinge we-0.5% womgangatho wokuthotywa konyaka, iphaneli eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala iyakwazi ukuvelisa malunga ne-90% yesakhono sayo sokuqala.
Umgangatho wephaneli unokuba neempembelelo ezithile kumazinga okuthotywa. I-NREL ibika ukuba abavelisi beprimiyamu abanjengoPanasonic kunye ne-LG banamazinga amalunga ne-0.3% ngonyaka, ngelixa ezinye iimpawu zithotywa kumazinga aphezulu njenge-0.80%. Emva kweminyaka engama-25, ezi ziphaneli zeprimiyamu zisenako ukuvelisa i-93% yemveliso yazo yokuqala, kwaye umzekelo wokuthotywa okuphezulu kunokuvelisa i-82.5%.
(Funda: “Abaphandi bavavanya ukuthotywa kweenkqubo ze-PV ezindala kuneminyaka eyi-15“)
Inxalenye enkulu yokuthotywa ibalelwa kwisenzeko esibizwa ngokuba kukuthotywa okunokwenzeka (PID), umba ofunyanwa ngabanye, kodwa ingengabo bonke, iiphaneli. I-PID yenzeka xa amandla ombane wephaneli kunye nokuvuza kwangoku ukuhamba kwe-ion ye-drive ngaphakathi kwimodyuli phakathi kwemathiriyeli ye-semiconductor kunye nezinye izinto zemodyuli, njengeglasi, intaba, okanye isakhelo. Oku kubangela ukuba umthamo wemodyuli wemveliso wehle, kwezinye iimeko kakhulu.
Abanye abavelisi bakha iiphaneli zabo ngezixhobo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-PID kwiglasi yabo, i-encapsulation, kunye nezithintelo zokusasaza.
Zonke iiphaneli zikwanengxaki ebizwa ngokuba yi-light-induced degradation (LID), apho iiphaneli ziphulukana nokusebenza kakuhle kwiiyure zokuqala zokuvezwa lilanga. I-LID iyahluka ukusuka kwiphaneli ukuya kwipaneli ngokusekelwe kumgangatho we-crystalline wafers we-silicon, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwexesha elilodwa, i-1-3% yelahleko ekusebenzeni kakuhle, i-laboratory yokuvavanya i-PVEL, i-PV Evolution Labs.
Imozulu
Ukuvezwa kweemeko zemozulu ngoyena mqhubi uphambili ekuthotyweni kweephaneli. Ubushushu yinto ephambili ekusebenzeni kwephaneli yexesha langempela kunye nokuthotywa kwexesha. Ubushushu be-Ambient buchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezinto zombane,ngokutsho kwe-NREL.
Ngokujonga i-data sheet yomenzi, i-coefficient yokushisa yepaneli inokufumaneka, eya kubonisa amandla epaneli yokwenza kumaqondo aphezulu.
I-coefficient ichaza ukuba ingakanani i-real-time performance elahlekileyo liqondo ngalinye likaCelsius elinyuke ngaphezu kobushushu obuqhelekileyo obungama-25 degrees celcius. Umzekelo, iqondo lokushisa elingu-0.353% lithetha ukuba kwisidanga seCelsius esingaphezulu kwama-25, i-0.353% yesakhono sokuvelisa siphelele silahlekile.
Utshintshiselwano lobushushu luqhuba ukuhla kwephaneli ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yibhayisekile eshushu. Xa kushushu, izinto eziphathekayo ziyanda, kwaye xa iqondo lobushushu lihla, ziyancibilika. Le ntshukumo kancinane ibangela ukuba ii-microcracks zenze kwiphaneli ekuhambeni kwexesha, zehlisa imveliso.
Kunyaka wayoUphononongo lweKhadi lamanqaku eModyuli, i-PVEL yahlalutya iiprojekthi zelanga ezisebenzayo ze-36 e-Indiya, kwaye yafumana iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo ezivela ekuthotyweni kobushushu. Umndilili wokuthotywa kweeprojekthi ngonyaka ufike kwi-1.47%, kodwa iindawo ezihlala kwimimandla ebandayo, esezintabeni zonakaliswe phantse kwisiqingatha salo mlinganiselo, kwi-0.7%.
Ufakelo olufanelekileyo lunokunceda ukujongana nemiba enxulumene nobushushu. Iiphaneli kufuneka zifakwe i-intshi ezimbalwa ngaphezu kophahla, ukuze umoya ohambayo uhambe ngaphantsi kwaye upholise izixhobo. Izinto ezinombala okhanyayo zingasetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwephaneli ukunciphisa ukufunxa ubushushu. Kwaye amacandelo afana nee-inverters kunye nezihlanganisi, ezisebenza ngakumbi kubushushu, kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezinomthunzi,icetyisiwe iCED Greentech.
Umoya yenye imeko yemozulu enokubangela ingozi kwiipaneli zelanga. Umoya onamandla unokubangela ukuguquguquka kweepaneli, ezibizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo we-dynamic mechanical. Oku kubangela ukuba i-microcracks kwiipaneli, ukunciphisa imveliso. Ezinye izisombululo ze-racking zilungiselelwe iindawo ezinomoya ophezulu, ukukhusela iipaneli kumandla okunyusa anamandla kunye nokunciphisa i-microcracking. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-database yomenzi iya kunika ulwazi kwimimoya ephezulu ekwazi ukumelana nayo.
Okufanayo kuya kwikhephu, elinokugubungela iipaneli ngexesha lezaqhwithi ezinzima, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Ikhephu linokubangela ukuba umthwalo oguqukayo womatshini, uthobe iipaneli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ikhephu liya kutyibilika kwiipaneli, njengoko zityibilika kwaye zifudumala, kodwa kwezinye iimeko umninikhaya unokugqiba ekubeni asuse ikhephu kwiipaneli. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo, njengoko ukukrwela umphezulu weglasi yendawo yolawulo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwimveliso.
Ukuthotywa yinto eqhelekileyo, engenakuthintelwa kubomi beqela lolawulo. Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukucocwa kwekhephu ngokucophelela, kunye nokucoca ngokucokisekileyo kweepaneli kunokunceda ngokuphuma, kodwa ekugqibeleni, iphaneli yelanga iteknoloji engenazo iindawo ezihambayo, ezifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci kakhulu.
Imigangatho
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iphaneli enikiweyo iya kuhlala ubomi obude kwaye isebenze njengoko kucwangcisiwe, kufuneka ihlole imigangatho yovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso. Iipaneli ziphantsi kovavanyo lwe-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), olusebenza kuzo zombini iipaneli ze-mono kunye ne-polycrystalline.
Utshilo i-EnergySageIiphaneli ezifezekisa umgangatho we-IEC 61215 zivavanyelwa iimpawu zombane ezifana nemisinga yokuvuza okumanzi, kunye nokumelana nokugquma. Baphantsi kovavanyo lomthwalo womatshini womoya kunye nekhephu, kunye novavanyo lwemozulu olujonga ubuthathaka kwiindawo ezishushu, ukuvezwa kwe-UV, ukufuma-ngumkhenkce, ubushushu obumanzi, impembelelo yesichotho, kunye nokunye ukuvezwa kwangaphandle.
I-IEC 61215 ikwamisela iimethrikhi zokusebenza kwephaneli kwiimeko zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, kubandakanya i-coefficient yobushushu, ivolthi evulekileyo yesekethe, kunye nemveliso yamandla aphezulu.
Kwakhona okuqhelekileyo kubonakala kwiphepha lepaneli yi-seal ye-Underwriters Laboratories (UL), ekwabonelela ngemigangatho kunye novavanyo. I-UL iqhuba uvavanyo lwe-climactic kunye nokwaluphala, kunye ne-gamut epheleleyo yovavanyo lokhuseleko.
Iintsilelo
Ukusilela kwephaneli yelanga kwenzeka ngesantya esiphantsi. NRELuqhube isifundongaphezulu kwe-50,000 yeenkqubo ezifakwe e-United States kunye ne-4,500 kwihlabathi jikelele phakathi kweminyaka ye-2000 kunye ne-2015. Uphononongo lufumene izinga lokungaphumeleli eliphakathi kweephaneli ze-5 kwi-10,000 ngonyaka.
Ukungaphumeleli kwephaneli kuye kwaphuculwa ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko kwafunyaniswa ukuba iinkqubo ezifakwe phakathi kwe-1980 kunye ne-2000 zibonise izinga lokungaphumeleli kabini iqela le-post-2000.
(Funda: “Iimpawu eziphezulu zepaneli zelanga ekusebenzeni, ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho“)
Ixesha lokuphumla kwenkqubo alifane libalelwe kukusilela kwendawo yolawulo. Enyanisweni, uphononongo olwenziwa yi-kWh Analytics lufumanise ukuba i-80% yazo zonke ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezityalo zesola sisiphumo sokungaphumeleli kwee-inverters, isixhobo esiguqula i-DC yephaneli yangoku ukuya kwi-AC esebenzisekayo. imagazini ye-pv iya kuhlalutya ukusebenza kwe-inverter kwisavenge esilandelayo solu ngcelele.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-19-2024