Uphando olutsha oluvela eJamani kwiFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (iFraunhofer ISE) lubonise ukuba ukudibanisa iinkqubo zePV eziphezu kophahla kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri kunye neepompo zokushisa kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwempompo yobushushu ngelixa kunciphisa ukuthembela kumbane wegridi.
Abaphandi beFraunhofer ISE baye bafunda ukuba iinkqubo zokuhlala zophahla lwePV zinokudityaniswa njani neempompo zobushushu kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri.
Baye bavavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-PV-heat pump-battery esekelwe kwi-smart-grid (SG) ekulungele ukulawula kwindlu yentsapho enye eyakhiwe ngo-1960 eFreiburg, eJamani.
"Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ulawulo olulumkileyo lonyuse ukusebenza kwempompo yobushushu ngokunyusa amaqondo obushushu abekiweyo," umphandi uShubham Baraskar uxelele i-pv magazine. “Ulawulo lwe-SG-Ready lonyuse ubushushu bokubonelela nge-4.1 Kelvin ukulungiselela amanzi ashushu, nto leyo eye yehlisa i-seasonal performance factor (SPF) nge-5.7% ukusuka kwi-3.5 ukuya kwi-3.3. Ngaphaya koko, kwimowudi yokufudumeza indawo, ulawulo olulumkileyo lwehlise i-SPF nge-4% ukusuka kwi-5.0 ukuya kwi-4.8.
I-SPF lixabiso elifana ne-coefficient of performance (COP), kunye nokwahlukana kubalwa ixesha elide kunye neemeko zomda ezahlukeneyo.
UBaraskar kunye noogxa bakhe bachaza iziphumo zabo "Uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yempompo yokushisa ye-photovoltaic-ibhetri esekelwe kwidatha yokulinganisa intsimi,” esandul’ ukupapashwa kwiUkuqhubela phambili kwamandla eSolar.Bathi inzuzo ephambili ye-PV-heat pump systems iquka ukusetyenziswa kwegridi ephantsi kunye neendleko zombane eziphantsi.
Umxokelelwano wempompo yobushushu yimpompo yobushushu eyi-13.9 kW emhlabeni eyilelwe ngogcino lwesithinteli sokufudumeza indawo. Ikwaxhomekeke kwitanki yokugcina kunye nesikhululo samanzi acwengileyo ukuvelisa amanzi ashushu asekhaya (DHW). Zombini iiyunithi zokugcina zixhotyiswe ngezifudumezi ezincedisayo zombane.
Inkqubo ye-PV ijolise kumzantsi kwaye ine-angle yokuthambeka kwama-degrees angama-30. Inamandla okuphuma kwe-12.3 kW kunye nommandla wemodyuli we-60 square metres. Ibhetri yi-DC-dityanisiwe kwaye inomthamo we-11.7 kWh. Indlu ekhethiweyo inendawo yokuhlala eshushu eyi-256 m2 kunye nemfuno yokufudumeza yonyaka eyi-84.3 kWh/m².
"Amandla e-DC avela kwi-PV kunye neeyunithi zebhetri aguqulwa abe yi-AC nge-inverter enamandla amakhulu e-AC ye-12 kW kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweYurophu kwe-95%," abaphandi bachaza, beqaphela ukuba ulawulo olulungele i-SG luyakwazi ukusebenzisana nayo. igridi yombane kunye nokulungelelanisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngokuhambelanayo. "Ngexesha lomthwalo wegridi ephezulu, umqhubi wegridi unokucima ukusebenza kwempompo yobushushu ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegridi okanye angakwazi ukujika ngenkani kwimeko eyahlukileyo."
Ngaphantsi kobume benkqubo ecetywayo, amandla e-PV kufuneka aqale asetyenziswe kwimithwalo yendlu, kunye ne-surplus inikezelwa kwibhetri. Amandla agqithileyo angathunyelwa kuphela kwigridi, ukuba akukho mbane ufunwayo endlwini kwaye nebhetri itshajwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba zombini inkqubo yePV kunye nebhetri azikwazi ukugubungela imfuno yamandla yendlu, igridi yombane ingasetyenziswa.
"Imowudi ye-SG-Ready iyasebenza xa ibhetri ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo okanye itshaja ngamandla ayo aphezulu kwaye kusekho i-PV surplus ekhoyo," kutsho izifundiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imeko yokuqalisa ifezekiswa xa amandla e-PV ekhawulezileyo ehlala esezantsi kunesidingo esipheleleyo sokwakha ubuncinci bemizuzu eli-10.
Uhlalutyo lwabo luqwalasele amanqanaba okuzisebenzisa, iqhekeza lelanga, ukusebenza kakuhle kwempompo yokushisa, kunye nefuthe lenkqubo ye-PV kunye nebhetri ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwempompo yokushisa. Basebenzisa i-high-resolution yedatha ye-1 yemizuzu ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba 2022 kwaye bafumanisa ukuba ulawulo lwe-SG-Ready lwandise ukushisa kompompo wokushisa ngo-4.1 K kwi-DHW. Baye baqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ifikelele ekuzisebenziseni kwayo yonke i-42.9% apha enyakeni, nto leyo eguqulela kwiinzuzo zemali kubaninimzi.
"Imfuno yombane [yempompo yokushisa] ihlanganiswe yi-36% kunye ne-PV / ibhetri inkqubo, ngokusebenzisa i-51% kwimodi yamanzi ashushu asekhaya kunye ne-28% kwimodi yokufudumala kwendawo," iqela lophando lachaza, longeza ukuba ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-sink kuncitshisiwe. ukusebenza kwempompo yokushisa nge-5.7% kwimodi ye-DHW kunye ne-4.0% kwimodi yokufudumala kwendawo.
"Ukufudumala indawo, impembelelo embi yolawulo oluhlakaniphile nayo yafunyanwa," kusho uBaraskar. “Ngenxa yolawulo lwe-SG-Ready impompo yobushushu esebenza kwindawo yokufudumeza ngaphezulu kwendawo yobushushu bendawo yokufudumeza. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba ulawulo mhlawumbi lonyuse ubushushu besethi yokugcina kwaye yasebenza impompo yobushushu nangona ubushushu bebungafuneki ukufudumeza indawo. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aphezulu anokukhokelela kwilahleko ephezulu yokugcina ubushushu.
Oososayensi bathi baya kuphanda i-PV eyongezelelweyo yempompo yokushisa kunye nenkqubo eyahlukeneyo kunye neengcamango zokulawula kwixesha elizayo.
"Kumele kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi ziphumo zichanekileyo kwiinkqubo ezivavanywayo zomntu ngamnye kwaye zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yesakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yamandla," baqukumbela ngelithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-13-2023